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Article 36 . Definition.—In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, ―the State‖ has the same meaning as in Part III. Article 37....
Article 36. Definition.—In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, ―the State‖ has the same meaning as
in Part III.
Article 37. Application of the principles contained in this Part.—The provisions contained in this Part shall
not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the
governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.
Article 38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.—1
[(1)] The State shall
strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in
which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
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[(2) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to
eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst
groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.]
Article 39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.—The State shall, in particular, direct its
policy towards securing—
(a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood;
(b)that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as
best to subserve the common good;
(c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and
means of production to the common detriment;
(d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women;
(e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not
abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or
strength;
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[(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in
conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and
against moral and material abandonment.]
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[39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.—The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system
promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable
legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to
any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.]
Article 40. Organisation of village panchayats.—The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats
and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of
self-government.
41. Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.—The State shall, within the
limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to
education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other
cases of undeserved want.
42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.—The State shall make
provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
43. Living wage, etc., for workers.—The State shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or
economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a
living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social
and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an
individual or co-operative basis in rural areas.
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[43A. Participation of workers in management of industries.—The State shall take steps, by suitable
legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings,
establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.]
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[43B. Promotion of co-operative societies.—The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary
formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative
societies.]
44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.—The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform
civil code throughout the territory of India.
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[45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.—The
State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the
age of six years.]
46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and
other weaker sections.—The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests
of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes,
and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public
health.—The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people
and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall
endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating
drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.
48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.—The State shall endeavour to organise
agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for
preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and
draught cattle.
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[48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.—
The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life
of the country.]
49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.—It shall be the
obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, 2
[declared
by or under law made by Parliament] to be of national importance, from spoliation, disfigurement,
destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be.
50. Separation of judiciary from executive.—The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from
the executive in the public services of the State.
51. Promotion of international peace and security.—The State shall endeavour to—
(a) promote international peace and security;
(b) maintain just and honourable relations between nations;
(c) foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples
with one another; and
(d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
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